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In psychoacoustics and signal processing, a pure tone is a sound or a signal with a sinusoidal waveform; that is, a sine wave of any frequency, phase-shift, and amplitude.
A pure tone has the property – unique among real-valued wave shapes – that its wave shape is unchanged by linear time-invariant systems; that is, only the phase and amplitude change between such a system's pure-tone input and its output.
Sine and cosine waves can be used as basic building blocks of more complex waves. As additional sine waves having different frequencies are combined, the waveform transforms from a sinusoidal shape into a more complex shape.
In clinical audiology, pure tones are used for pure-tone audiometry to characterize hearing thresholds at different frequencies. Sound localization is often more difficult with pure tones than with other sounds.